A Liberated Zone on the FM, to enhance alternative culture and cognitive freedom!
Convened by Dr.G., a Renegade Illuminati, convening Thee Temple [link], for knowledge, whimsy, and inspiration. Everything is true, nothing is forbidden!
Broadcast Thursdays at 89.5 FM KZCT in Vallejo, California, to a worldwide audience.
Introductory track: Covenant - Ritual Noise [youtube.com/watch?v=dnlGEQ1NUsk]
Science & Futurism
* "Scientists create artificial muscle that functions like the real thing" (2019-06-26, rt.com/news/462721-artificial-muscles-polymer-glucose/) [archive.is/Gdead]
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* "Scientists develop chemcial computer, storing images with molecules" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/04/c_138196514.htm) [archive.is/ei9dN]
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* "Researchers use kirigami to spin terahertz rays" (2019-07-02, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138193522.htm) [archive.is/ur6gA]
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* "Part-matter, part-light: Newly discovered ‘hybrid particles’ open doors to exciting new tech" (2019-07-05, rt.com/news/463479-polaritons-magic-dust-hybrid-particles/) [archive.is/aiQI3]
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Space News
* "ISS mold can survive 200 times more RADIATION than humans & contaminate other planets" (2019-07-02, rt.com/news/463213-space-mold-threats-study/) [archive.is/qyiRM]
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* "Scientists discover highest energy cosmic gamma rays in Tibet" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195767.htm) [archive.is/Ff2Ls]
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* "Four asteroids on COLLISION course with Earth" (2019-06-30, rt.com/news/463071-asteroids-collision-course-earth/) [archive.is/QGLIX]
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* "NASA's Curiosity rover detects largest amount ever of methane on Mars" (2019-06-24, xinhuanet.com/english/northamerica/2019-06/25/c_138172536.htm) [archive.is/kLCQ0]:
NASA's Curiosity rover has detected the largest amount of methane ever measured during its mission on Mars, according to a release of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on Monday.
The finding from the rover's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) tunable laser spectrometer was about 21 parts per billion units by volume (ppbv). One ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane, according to JPL.
The finding is exciting because microbial life is an important source of methane on Earth. However, methane can also be created through interactions between rocks and water, according to the mission team.
Curiosity does not have instruments that can definitively say what the source of the methane is, or even if it is coming from a local source within Gale Crater or elsewhere on the planet, said JPL.
"With our current measurements, we have no way of telling if the methane source is biology or geology, or even ancient or modern," said SAM Principal Investigator Paul Mahaffy of NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
The mission team conducted a follow-on methane experiment this past weekend, which shows the methane levels have sharply decreased, with less than 1 part per billion units by volume detected. According to JPL, that is a value close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time.
The new finding suggests the largest amount of methane detection last week was one of the transient methane plumes that have been observed in the past, according to JPL.
While scientists have observed the background levels rise and fall seasonally, they have not found a pattern in the occurrence of these transient plumes.
"The methane mystery continues," said Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity's project scientist at JPL. "We're more motivated than ever to keep measuring and put our brains together to figure out how methane behaves in the Martian atmosphere."
* "Mars’ Gale Crater" (2012, airandspace.si.edu/multimedia-gallery/4259640jpg) [archive.is/9RlG8]
* "Mars Curiosity rover finds evidence of ancient lakes in Gale crater" (2014-12-08, sciencemag.org/news/2014/12/mars-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-ancient-lakes-gale-crater) [archive.is/fqzdi]
* "NASA Rover Finds Conditions Once Suited for Ancient Life on Mars" (2013-03-12, nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20130312.html) [archive.is/YPbs2]
- image caption: This set of images compares rocks seen by NASA's Opportunity rover and Curiosity rover at two different parts of Mars. On the left is " Wopmay" rock, in Endurance Crater, Meridiani Planum, as studied by the Opportunity rover. On the right are the rocks of the "Sheepbed" unit in Yellowknife Bay, in Gale Crater, as seen by Curiosity.
* "Wet Paleoclimate of Mars Revealed by Ancient Lakes at Gale Crater" (2015-10-08, caltech.edu/about/news/wet-paleoclimate-mars-revealed-ancient-lakes-gale-crater-48249) [archive.is/sVYXY]
* "Standing On The Shore Of An Ancient Martian Lake Thinking About Microbes" (2017-07-09, astrobob.areavoices.com/2017/07/09/standing-on-the-shore-of-an-ancient-martian-lake-thinking-about-microbes/) [archive.is/nkEqR]
- image caption: Skeleton of an ancient lake — This evenly layered mudstone rock photographed by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover records sedimentation in a lake, where plumes of river sediment settled out of the water column and onto the lake floor. The view spans about 5 feet (1.5 meters) across in the foreground.
- image caption: This illustration show the possible extent of an ancient lake inside Gale Crater. Curiosity confirmed the existence of a lake there billions of years ago after examining mudstones in the crater’s Yellowknife Bay area. The lake’s extent was estimated by mapping ancient lake and stream deposits and assuming that water flowed from the crater rim into the basin (arrows). The water would have pooled in the trough created between the crater rim (left) and Mt. Sharp (center right). The area’s history likely included the coming and going of multiple lakes of different sizes as climate conditions evolved.
* "Fluidized-sediment pipes in Gale crater, Mars, and possible Earth analogs" (2017-01, Geology scientific Journal, Geological Society of America, via indiana.edu/~sepm04/PDF/Rubin-et-al-2017-Geology-sediment-pipes.pdf) [https://web.archive.org/web/20190628182237/http://www.indiana.edu/~sepm04/PDF/Rubin-et-al-2017-Geology-sediment-pipes.pdf]
- Figure 1. Map showing rover Curiosity’s traverse and locations discussed in this paper.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems.
- Figure 3. Cylindrical structures at Dingo Gap and Marias Pass, Mars. A: Index image showing
location of structures in B–F. B: Cylindrical structure. C: Close-up of wall of B, showing texture of rim. D: Deformational structure located 20 m west of Dingo Gap, likely a loose block rather than bedrock. E: Circular structure with internal layering, located 150 m west of Dingo Gap. F: Pair of cylindrical structures at Marias Pass. Diameters of the structures, indicated by white lines, are 7 cm and 36 cm. For image numbers, see Table 1. Images: NASA/
JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems.
* "Report 163: Mars Rover Moving Evidence" (2009-05-24, marsanomalyresearch.com/evidence-reports/2009/163/moving-evidence.htm) [archive.is/PoIpl]
Left frame: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1830/2N288828136EFFB000P0625R0M1.HTML
Right frame: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1830/2N288828221EFFB000P0625L0M4.HTML
- (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1833/2N289093752EFFB074P1985L0M1.HTML) [archive.is/sjoif], fullsize image [archive.is/nP1a7]
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1836/2N289363474EFFB0A1P1985R0M1.HTML
- (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1843/2N289976994EFFB0EOP0675L0M1.HTML) [archive.is/C2Jtx], fullsize photo [archive.is/mNmaq]
* "Moqui Marbles" (rocksandminerals.com/specimens/moqui.htm) [archive.is/aL9Qh] [begin excerpt]: One of the biggest mysteries is that all observed Martian blueberries are limited in size with maximum diameter of 6.2 mm. In contrast, terrestrial concretions are not size limited. In this article, researchers discuss significant differences between Martian blueberries and Earth concretion analogs. Puzzling observations from Mars Exploration Rovers Opportunity and Spirit suggest that the spherules may not be concretions but are cosmic spherules formed by ablation of meteorites.
The perfect spherical shape of spherules, their observed size limit, and all other physical properties are easily explained by a meteorite ablation model. Evidence that some of these spherules are only a few years old strongly constrains concretion and other growth mechanisms related to aqueous processes that require the existence of water on Mars in its recent history. The large number of hematite spherules in Meridiani Planum may be due to a big rare iron meteorite impact event in this region sometime in the past.
"The meteorite theory explains all of their properties," lead researcher Dr. Anupam Misra said of the spherules, per National Geographic (news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140224-mars-blueberries-water-meteorite-space-science). [end excerpt]
- image caption: Concretions appear like blueberries in a muffin. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University
* "Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars concretions" (2005-08, GSA Today, Geological Society of America, via rocksandminerals.com/moqui.pdf) [https://web.archive.org/web/20161207193204/http://www.rocksandminerals.com/moqui.pdf]
* "Geopic of the week: Sandstone pipe" (2015-02-19, arkansasgeological.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/geopic-of-the-week-sandstone-pipe/) [archive.is/0MKBk]
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* "Gigantic ‘potentially hazardous asteroid’ due to speed past Earth this week" (2019-06-26, rt.com/news/462725-asteroid-flyby-near-earth/) [archive.is/cTDYp]
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* "Settling the Galaxy (ACT's entry to GTOCX)" video page (2019-06-16, youtube.com/watch?v=nlnlORplDTI) [archive.is/wfYJS]
* "Humans conquer Milky Way star by star in VIDEO simulation of galactic colonization" (2019-06-27, rt.com/news/462838-galactic-conquest-simulation-video/) [archive.is/9CJHo]
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* " ‘The big breakthrough’: Extraterrestrial radio signal source finally pinpointed for 1st time" (2019-06-28, rt.com/news/462893-scientists-pinpoint-source-extraterrestrial-signal/) [archive.is/u6hAC]
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Ancient News
* "Actions for Hasankeyf multiply; Several actions have been organised as part of the campaign 'It's not too late to save Hasankeyf'" (2019-06-30, anfenglishmobile.com/culture/actions-for-hasankeyf-multiply-35954) [archive.is/DGnaG]
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* " ‘Russian Atlantis’ where women were revered unearthed in Siberia" (2019-06-25, rt.com/russia/462658-russian-atlantis-unearthed-siberia/) [archive.is/Fyzzk]
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* "3,400-year-old Bronze Age palace emerged due to droughts; According to the archaeologists it is one of the most important recent finds in the region" (2019-06-30, anfenglishmobile.com/culture/3-400-year-old-bronze-age-palace-emerged-due-to-draughts-35952) [archive.is/AIDpk]
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* "Ten Amazing and Mysterious Geoglyphs from the Ancient World" (2014-12-12, ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena/ten-amazing-and-mysterious-geoglyphs-ancient-world-002443) [archive.is/bp2TH]
* "The unknown origins of the incredible Sajama Lines of Bolivia" (2014-11-15, ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena/unknown-origins-incredible-sajama-lines-bolivia-002330) [archive.is/DRYt4]
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* "Astronomical relics of 5,000 yrs old discovered in central China" (2019-06-25, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/25/c_138172236.htm) [archive.fo/YDXpw], photo [archive.is/mIs4L]
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* "800-year-old tomb found in N. China" (2019-06-27, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/27/c_138178464.htm) [archive.is/DSpEk]
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* "Exhibition on ancient kingdom opens in Dunhuang" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195532.htm) [archive.is/KcodF]
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* "2,000-year-old bronze mirror with Confucius portrait exhibited in east China" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195503.htm) [archive.is/8M3Ck]
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* "Great Wall Preservation: Workers using traditional techniques to preserve famous landmark" video page (2019-07-06, news.cgtn.com/news/7867544f774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/NHrG9]
* "Mules, tools and old bricks: rebuilding China's Great Wall" video page (2019-06-28, presstv.com/Detail/2019/06/28/599625/Rebuilding-China-Great-Wall) [archive.is/mt1TO]:
Nature, time, neglect and millions of footsteps have taken their toll on the Great Wall of China leaving much of it crumbling, but repairing it can be painstaking -- and controversial -- work. After public outcry when a 700-year-old section of the monument was 'fixed' by covering it with cement -- authorities insisted on more authentic restoration using traditional methods: so now laborers, aided by mules, use reclaimed stones and mortar.
- image caption: This picture taken on May 17, 2019 shows a worker removing roots at a restored part of the Great Wall in Xiangshuihu in Huairou District, on the outskirts of Beijing.
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* "745 antique books registered at Tibet's Norbulingka" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195659.htm) [archive.is/i3qsx]
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* "How the Dogon Preserved Their Unique Culture Along The Cliff of Bandiagara Mali" (2019-03-02, ancient-origins.net/ancient-places/cliff-bandiagara-0011566) [archive.is/c8jVn]
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* "Festival of the Sun: Cusco prepares for 75th anniversary of revived Incan tradition" video page (2019-06-26, news.cgtn.com/news/3049444e774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/Mw2YB] [begin excerpt]:
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Inti Raymi celebrations in Cusco, Peru. Known as the Festival of the Sun, the celebration is believed to have been one of the most important rituals in the Inca Empire. Since its revival in 1944, it's become a yearly festival for tourists and locals alike. [end excerpt]
* "Inca New Year Celebration: Peru marks 75th anniversary of festival's revival" video page (2019-06-27, news.cgtn.com/news/336b444e774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/X54kG]
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* "Desert Diver Discovers Submerged Treasure Beneath 2,300-Year-Old Kushite Pyramid" (2019-07-06, ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/kushite-pyramid-0012249) [archive.is/Ech1p]
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* "The origins of the ancient Coptic Church of Egypt" (2014-12-18, ancient-origins.net/history/origins-ancient-coptic-church-egypt-002462) [archive.is/r990Z]
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* "Jesus a Palestinian? Linda Sarsour starts Twitter war over Christ’s nationality" (2019-07-08, rt.com/news/463676-linda-sarsour-jesus-palestinian/) [archive.is/j3y8E]
* "DNA testing on ancient bones shed light on Philistine people" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/04/c_138196573.htm) [archive.is/PvrvA] [begin excerpt]: According to Michal Feldman of the Department of archaeogenetics at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, the discovery a few years ago that the inner ear bone could be useful DNA samples was critical to the research.
The process is complicated, which has been tweaked in the last decades with the help of new technologies. She was part of the research team examining the findings.
"We see this influx of European ancestry coming in to the region in the beginning of the Iron age and this is the same time when the Philistine culture appears in archeology. 200 years later, the same people that are still considered Philistines by their neighbors, or by ancient texts or by modern archeologists. They go back to genetically looking the same as Bronze age people that were living there before," Feldman explained.
This was one of the questions that Master and his team were looking to answer -- once they immigrated to the Levantine area, did they continue to be an exclusive group or did they assimilate with other residents of the area? The findings show that with time, the Philistines blended in with local residents.
"They very much mixed with the people around them, and so they were genetically not distinguishable from the people around them by the 9th century," Master explained. "They didn't stop being Philistines, but they had lost any distinctive genetic markers." [end excerpt]
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* "Horn-handle knife Jambiya symbolizes Yemeni tribes' peace" (2019-06-26, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/27/c_138176449.htm) [archive.is/krhow] [begin excerpt]:
Known locally as Jambiya, a T-shaped handle made from rhinoceros horns or other animals' bones and decorated with gold and other precious metals, the handle is fixed into a short and curved double-edged knife.
The Jambiya is tucked inside a sheath called Aseeb, which is made of wood and covered with brown or white leather or covered with green strings.
The sheath is fastened to an ornately embroidered belt. People wear it by strapping the belt around their waists with the Jambiya in front of their robes.
Traders and residents said that the best "handle of Jambiya" worth 1 million U.S. dollars.
According to the locals, the best kinds of Jambiya's handles are sold in few shops here in the centuries-old souk.
Abdullah al Azeri, the Jambiya seller, said that his family has been in the business for more than 1,100 years.
"Contrary to what many foreign people think, Jambiya is a symbol of peace," al Azeri said.
"It is used for solving the conflicts of Yemeni tribes through submitting their own Jambiya knives to chieftains for arbitration ... at this point, the fight stops and the process of solution begins," he added.
"Jambiya is a symbol of manhood, chivalry and the identity of the Yemeni man," al Azeri said as he was sitting in his shop in the old bazaar in the center of the ancient city.
"The best Jambiya's handle is made of the horn of the rhino," he said, adding that the trade of the horns of endangered rhinos was banned many years ago. [end excerpt]
- photoset [archive.is/7zv0Y] [archive.is/lqQel] [archive.is/K4aDH] [archive.is/nwafJ] [archive.is/rGOiv] [archive.is/wT7lY] [archive.is/ndrbn] [archive.is/jMI4W]
- image caption: Time-honored horn-handle knives are seen at a store in Sanaa, capital of Yemen, June 26, 2019. The Yemenis have not been affected by the Western stylish changes as they still proudly keep their ancestors' traditional dress, especially the wear of the horn-handle knife for nearly 3,000 years
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Tuğrul Tower in the city of Rey, Northern Iran 1860's
Tughrul tower Tuğrul Tower is a 12th-century monument with the 20 meters tall brick tower is the tomb of Seljuk ruler Tuğrul Beg who died in Rey in 1063 . . Location: City of #Tehran
Tower of Gonbad e Qabus, The Road to Oxiana, Iran 1930's
Taken from 'The Road to Oxiana' by Robert Byron, published in 1937.
Located in the Golestan Province, Gonbad Qābūs, Emam Khomeini Shomali, Iran, the cylindrical tower is said to reach 61 metres in height & can be seen from some 30 km away
Mil-i Sharq Radkan, Iran 1937 (Photo credit Robert Byron)
The Mil-i Sharq Radkan, or tower, is located near Radkan Village, in the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran
The tower described by Byron:
“A massive cylindrical grave-tower with a conical roof, ninety feet high, and dating from the thirteenth century. The outside wall consists of columns two feet thick, which touch one another. Their brickwork, rusty red in colour, is arranged in tweed patterns, which give the building a sort of shine, as of a well-groomed horse. Unlike the Gumbad-i-Kabus, this tower has a staircase in the thickness of the wall.”
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Science & Futurism
* "Scientists create artificial muscle that functions like the real thing" (2019-06-26, rt.com/news/462721-artificial-muscles-polymer-glucose/) [archive.is/Gdead]
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* "Scientists develop chemcial computer, storing images with molecules" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/04/c_138196514.htm) [archive.is/ei9dN]
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* "Researchers use kirigami to spin terahertz rays" (2019-07-02, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138193522.htm) [archive.is/ur6gA]
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* "Part-matter, part-light: Newly discovered ‘hybrid particles’ open doors to exciting new tech" (2019-07-05, rt.com/news/463479-polaritons-magic-dust-hybrid-particles/) [archive.is/aiQI3]
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Space News
* "ISS mold can survive 200 times more RADIATION than humans & contaminate other planets" (2019-07-02, rt.com/news/463213-space-mold-threats-study/) [archive.is/qyiRM]
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* "Scientists discover highest energy cosmic gamma rays in Tibet" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195767.htm) [archive.is/Ff2Ls]
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* "Four asteroids on COLLISION course with Earth" (2019-06-30, rt.com/news/463071-asteroids-collision-course-earth/) [archive.is/QGLIX]
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* "NASA's Curiosity rover detects largest amount ever of methane on Mars" (2019-06-24, xinhuanet.com/english/northamerica/2019-06/25/c_138172536.htm) [archive.is/kLCQ0]:
NASA's Curiosity rover has detected the largest amount of methane ever measured during its mission on Mars, according to a release of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on Monday.
The finding from the rover's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) tunable laser spectrometer was about 21 parts per billion units by volume (ppbv). One ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane, according to JPL.
The finding is exciting because microbial life is an important source of methane on Earth. However, methane can also be created through interactions between rocks and water, according to the mission team.
Curiosity does not have instruments that can definitively say what the source of the methane is, or even if it is coming from a local source within Gale Crater or elsewhere on the planet, said JPL.
"With our current measurements, we have no way of telling if the methane source is biology or geology, or even ancient or modern," said SAM Principal Investigator Paul Mahaffy of NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
The mission team conducted a follow-on methane experiment this past weekend, which shows the methane levels have sharply decreased, with less than 1 part per billion units by volume detected. According to JPL, that is a value close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time.
The new finding suggests the largest amount of methane detection last week was one of the transient methane plumes that have been observed in the past, according to JPL.
While scientists have observed the background levels rise and fall seasonally, they have not found a pattern in the occurrence of these transient plumes.
"The methane mystery continues," said Ashwin Vasavada, Curiosity's project scientist at JPL. "We're more motivated than ever to keep measuring and put our brains together to figure out how methane behaves in the Martian atmosphere."
* "Mars’ Gale Crater" (2012, airandspace.si.edu/multimedia-gallery/4259640jpg) [archive.is/9RlG8]
* "Mars Curiosity rover finds evidence of ancient lakes in Gale crater" (2014-12-08, sciencemag.org/news/2014/12/mars-curiosity-rover-finds-evidence-ancient-lakes-gale-crater) [archive.is/fqzdi]
* "NASA Rover Finds Conditions Once Suited for Ancient Life on Mars" (2013-03-12, nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20130312.html) [archive.is/YPbs2]
- image caption: This set of images compares rocks seen by NASA's Opportunity rover and Curiosity rover at two different parts of Mars. On the left is " Wopmay" rock, in Endurance Crater, Meridiani Planum, as studied by the Opportunity rover. On the right are the rocks of the "Sheepbed" unit in Yellowknife Bay, in Gale Crater, as seen by Curiosity.
* "Wet Paleoclimate of Mars Revealed by Ancient Lakes at Gale Crater" (2015-10-08, caltech.edu/about/news/wet-paleoclimate-mars-revealed-ancient-lakes-gale-crater-48249) [archive.is/sVYXY]
* "Standing On The Shore Of An Ancient Martian Lake Thinking About Microbes" (2017-07-09, astrobob.areavoices.com/2017/07/09/standing-on-the-shore-of-an-ancient-martian-lake-thinking-about-microbes/) [archive.is/nkEqR]
- image caption: Skeleton of an ancient lake — This evenly layered mudstone rock photographed by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover records sedimentation in a lake, where plumes of river sediment settled out of the water column and onto the lake floor. The view spans about 5 feet (1.5 meters) across in the foreground.
- image caption: This illustration show the possible extent of an ancient lake inside Gale Crater. Curiosity confirmed the existence of a lake there billions of years ago after examining mudstones in the crater’s Yellowknife Bay area. The lake’s extent was estimated by mapping ancient lake and stream deposits and assuming that water flowed from the crater rim into the basin (arrows). The water would have pooled in the trough created between the crater rim (left) and Mt. Sharp (center right). The area’s history likely included the coming and going of multiple lakes of different sizes as climate conditions evolved.
* "Fluidized-sediment pipes in Gale crater, Mars, and possible Earth analogs" (2017-01, Geology scientific Journal, Geological Society of America, via indiana.edu/~sepm04/PDF/Rubin-et-al-2017-Geology-sediment-pipes.pdf) [https://web.archive.org/web/20190628182237/http://www.indiana.edu/~sepm04/PDF/Rubin-et-al-2017-Geology-sediment-pipes.pdf]
- Figure 1. Map showing rover Curiosity’s traverse and locations discussed in this paper.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems.
- Figure 3. Cylindrical structures at Dingo Gap and Marias Pass, Mars. A: Index image showing
location of structures in B–F. B: Cylindrical structure. C: Close-up of wall of B, showing texture of rim. D: Deformational structure located 20 m west of Dingo Gap, likely a loose block rather than bedrock. E: Circular structure with internal layering, located 150 m west of Dingo Gap. F: Pair of cylindrical structures at Marias Pass. Diameters of the structures, indicated by white lines, are 7 cm and 36 cm. For image numbers, see Table 1. Images: NASA/
JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems.
* "Report 163: Mars Rover Moving Evidence" (2009-05-24, marsanomalyresearch.com/evidence-reports/2009/163/moving-evidence.htm) [archive.is/PoIpl]
Left frame: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1830/2N288828136EFFB000P0625R0M1.HTML
Right frame: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1830/2N288828221EFFB000P0625L0M4.HTML
- (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1833/2N289093752EFFB074P1985L0M1.HTML) [archive.is/sjoif], fullsize image [archive.is/nP1a7]
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1836/2N289363474EFFB0A1P1985R0M1.HTML
- (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/2/n/1843/2N289976994EFFB0EOP0675L0M1.HTML) [archive.is/C2Jtx], fullsize photo [archive.is/mNmaq]
* "Moqui Marbles" (rocksandminerals.com/specimens/moqui.htm) [archive.is/aL9Qh] [begin excerpt]: One of the biggest mysteries is that all observed Martian blueberries are limited in size with maximum diameter of 6.2 mm. In contrast, terrestrial concretions are not size limited. In this article, researchers discuss significant differences between Martian blueberries and Earth concretion analogs. Puzzling observations from Mars Exploration Rovers Opportunity and Spirit suggest that the spherules may not be concretions but are cosmic spherules formed by ablation of meteorites.
The perfect spherical shape of spherules, their observed size limit, and all other physical properties are easily explained by a meteorite ablation model. Evidence that some of these spherules are only a few years old strongly constrains concretion and other growth mechanisms related to aqueous processes that require the existence of water on Mars in its recent history. The large number of hematite spherules in Meridiani Planum may be due to a big rare iron meteorite impact event in this region sometime in the past.
"The meteorite theory explains all of their properties," lead researcher Dr. Anupam Misra said of the spherules, per National Geographic (news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140224-mars-blueberries-water-meteorite-space-science). [end excerpt]
- image caption: Concretions appear like blueberries in a muffin. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University
* "Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars concretions" (2005-08, GSA Today, Geological Society of America, via rocksandminerals.com/moqui.pdf) [https://web.archive.org/web/20161207193204/http://www.rocksandminerals.com/moqui.pdf]
* "Geopic of the week: Sandstone pipe" (2015-02-19, arkansasgeological.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/geopic-of-the-week-sandstone-pipe/) [archive.is/0MKBk]
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* "Gigantic ‘potentially hazardous asteroid’ due to speed past Earth this week" (2019-06-26, rt.com/news/462725-asteroid-flyby-near-earth/) [archive.is/cTDYp]
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* "Settling the Galaxy (ACT's entry to GTOCX)" video page (2019-06-16, youtube.com/watch?v=nlnlORplDTI) [archive.is/wfYJS]
* "Humans conquer Milky Way star by star in VIDEO simulation of galactic colonization" (2019-06-27, rt.com/news/462838-galactic-conquest-simulation-video/) [archive.is/9CJHo]
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* " ‘The big breakthrough’: Extraterrestrial radio signal source finally pinpointed for 1st time" (2019-06-28, rt.com/news/462893-scientists-pinpoint-source-extraterrestrial-signal/) [archive.is/u6hAC]
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Ancient News
* "Actions for Hasankeyf multiply; Several actions have been organised as part of the campaign 'It's not too late to save Hasankeyf'" (2019-06-30, anfenglishmobile.com/culture/actions-for-hasankeyf-multiply-35954) [archive.is/DGnaG]
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* " ‘Russian Atlantis’ where women were revered unearthed in Siberia" (2019-06-25, rt.com/russia/462658-russian-atlantis-unearthed-siberia/) [archive.is/Fyzzk]
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* "3,400-year-old Bronze Age palace emerged due to droughts; According to the archaeologists it is one of the most important recent finds in the region" (2019-06-30, anfenglishmobile.com/culture/3-400-year-old-bronze-age-palace-emerged-due-to-draughts-35952) [archive.is/AIDpk]
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* "Ten Amazing and Mysterious Geoglyphs from the Ancient World" (2014-12-12, ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena/ten-amazing-and-mysterious-geoglyphs-ancient-world-002443) [archive.is/bp2TH]
* "The unknown origins of the incredible Sajama Lines of Bolivia" (2014-11-15, ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena/unknown-origins-incredible-sajama-lines-bolivia-002330) [archive.is/DRYt4]
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* "Astronomical relics of 5,000 yrs old discovered in central China" (2019-06-25, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/25/c_138172236.htm) [archive.fo/YDXpw], photo [archive.is/mIs4L]
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* "800-year-old tomb found in N. China" (2019-06-27, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/27/c_138178464.htm) [archive.is/DSpEk]
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* "Exhibition on ancient kingdom opens in Dunhuang" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195532.htm) [archive.is/KcodF]
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* "2,000-year-old bronze mirror with Confucius portrait exhibited in east China" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195503.htm) [archive.is/8M3Ck]
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* "Great Wall Preservation: Workers using traditional techniques to preserve famous landmark" video page (2019-07-06, news.cgtn.com/news/7867544f774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/NHrG9]
* "Mules, tools and old bricks: rebuilding China's Great Wall" video page (2019-06-28, presstv.com/Detail/2019/06/28/599625/Rebuilding-China-Great-Wall) [archive.is/mt1TO]:
Nature, time, neglect and millions of footsteps have taken their toll on the Great Wall of China leaving much of it crumbling, but repairing it can be painstaking -- and controversial -- work. After public outcry when a 700-year-old section of the monument was 'fixed' by covering it with cement -- authorities insisted on more authentic restoration using traditional methods: so now laborers, aided by mules, use reclaimed stones and mortar.
- image caption: This picture taken on May 17, 2019 shows a worker removing roots at a restored part of the Great Wall in Xiangshuihu in Huairou District, on the outskirts of Beijing.
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* "745 antique books registered at Tibet's Norbulingka" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/03/c_138195659.htm) [archive.is/i3qsx]
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* "How the Dogon Preserved Their Unique Culture Along The Cliff of Bandiagara Mali" (2019-03-02, ancient-origins.net/ancient-places/cliff-bandiagara-0011566) [archive.is/c8jVn]
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* "Festival of the Sun: Cusco prepares for 75th anniversary of revived Incan tradition" video page (2019-06-26, news.cgtn.com/news/3049444e774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/Mw2YB] [begin excerpt]:
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Inti Raymi celebrations in Cusco, Peru. Known as the Festival of the Sun, the celebration is believed to have been one of the most important rituals in the Inca Empire. Since its revival in 1944, it's become a yearly festival for tourists and locals alike. [end excerpt]
* "Inca New Year Celebration: Peru marks 75th anniversary of festival's revival" video page (2019-06-27, news.cgtn.com/news/336b444e774d4464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.html) [archive.is/X54kG]
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* "Desert Diver Discovers Submerged Treasure Beneath 2,300-Year-Old Kushite Pyramid" (2019-07-06, ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/kushite-pyramid-0012249) [archive.is/Ech1p]
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* "The origins of the ancient Coptic Church of Egypt" (2014-12-18, ancient-origins.net/history/origins-ancient-coptic-church-egypt-002462) [archive.is/r990Z]
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* "Jesus a Palestinian? Linda Sarsour starts Twitter war over Christ’s nationality" (2019-07-08, rt.com/news/463676-linda-sarsour-jesus-palestinian/) [archive.is/j3y8E]
* "DNA testing on ancient bones shed light on Philistine people" (2019-07-03, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/04/c_138196573.htm) [archive.is/PvrvA] [begin excerpt]: According to Michal Feldman of the Department of archaeogenetics at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, the discovery a few years ago that the inner ear bone could be useful DNA samples was critical to the research.
The process is complicated, which has been tweaked in the last decades with the help of new technologies. She was part of the research team examining the findings.
"We see this influx of European ancestry coming in to the region in the beginning of the Iron age and this is the same time when the Philistine culture appears in archeology. 200 years later, the same people that are still considered Philistines by their neighbors, or by ancient texts or by modern archeologists. They go back to genetically looking the same as Bronze age people that were living there before," Feldman explained.
This was one of the questions that Master and his team were looking to answer -- once they immigrated to the Levantine area, did they continue to be an exclusive group or did they assimilate with other residents of the area? The findings show that with time, the Philistines blended in with local residents.
"They very much mixed with the people around them, and so they were genetically not distinguishable from the people around them by the 9th century," Master explained. "They didn't stop being Philistines, but they had lost any distinctive genetic markers." [end excerpt]
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* "Horn-handle knife Jambiya symbolizes Yemeni tribes' peace" (2019-06-26, xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/27/c_138176449.htm) [archive.is/krhow] [begin excerpt]:
Known locally as Jambiya, a T-shaped handle made from rhinoceros horns or other animals' bones and decorated with gold and other precious metals, the handle is fixed into a short and curved double-edged knife.
The Jambiya is tucked inside a sheath called Aseeb, which is made of wood and covered with brown or white leather or covered with green strings.
The sheath is fastened to an ornately embroidered belt. People wear it by strapping the belt around their waists with the Jambiya in front of their robes.
Traders and residents said that the best "handle of Jambiya" worth 1 million U.S. dollars.
According to the locals, the best kinds of Jambiya's handles are sold in few shops here in the centuries-old souk.
Abdullah al Azeri, the Jambiya seller, said that his family has been in the business for more than 1,100 years.
"Contrary to what many foreign people think, Jambiya is a symbol of peace," al Azeri said.
"It is used for solving the conflicts of Yemeni tribes through submitting their own Jambiya knives to chieftains for arbitration ... at this point, the fight stops and the process of solution begins," he added.
"Jambiya is a symbol of manhood, chivalry and the identity of the Yemeni man," al Azeri said as he was sitting in his shop in the old bazaar in the center of the ancient city.
"The best Jambiya's handle is made of the horn of the rhino," he said, adding that the trade of the horns of endangered rhinos was banned many years ago. [end excerpt]
- photoset [archive.is/7zv0Y] [archive.is/lqQel] [archive.is/K4aDH] [archive.is/nwafJ] [archive.is/rGOiv] [archive.is/wT7lY] [archive.is/ndrbn] [archive.is/jMI4W]
- image caption: Time-honored horn-handle knives are seen at a store in Sanaa, capital of Yemen, June 26, 2019. The Yemenis have not been affected by the Western stylish changes as they still proudly keep their ancestors' traditional dress, especially the wear of the horn-handle knife for nearly 3,000 years
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Tuğrul Tower in the city of Rey, Northern Iran 1860's
Tughrul tower Tuğrul Tower is a 12th-century monument with the 20 meters tall brick tower is the tomb of Seljuk ruler Tuğrul Beg who died in Rey in 1063 . . Location: City of #Tehran
Tower of Gonbad e Qabus, The Road to Oxiana, Iran 1930's
Taken from 'The Road to Oxiana' by Robert Byron, published in 1937.
Located in the Golestan Province, Gonbad Qābūs, Emam Khomeini Shomali, Iran, the cylindrical tower is said to reach 61 metres in height & can be seen from some 30 km away
Mil-i Sharq Radkan, Iran 1937 (Photo credit Robert Byron)
The Mil-i Sharq Radkan, or tower, is located near Radkan Village, in the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran
The tower described by Byron:
“A massive cylindrical grave-tower with a conical roof, ninety feet high, and dating from the thirteenth century. The outside wall consists of columns two feet thick, which touch one another. Their brickwork, rusty red in colour, is arranged in tweed patterns, which give the building a sort of shine, as of a well-groomed horse. Unlike the Gumbad-i-Kabus, this tower has a staircase in the thickness of the wall.”
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* "Centuries-old physics problem that baffled Newton finally solved" (2019-07-04, rt.com/news/463382-student-solves-spherical-aberration-newton/) [archive.is/2isSr]
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* "Trump doesn’t believe in UFOs… but is open to the possibility" (2019-07-06, rt.com/usa/463526-trump-ufo-sightings-believer/) [archive.is/bhtSB]
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Curiata
* " ‘I’ve never seen it before’: Mexican city buried under 2m of ice in freak hailstorm" (2019-07-01, rt.com/news/463106-guadalajara-buried-freak-hailstorm/) [archive.is/c2s1L]
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* "Scientists left ‘speechless’ by young Arctic fox’s amazing journey from Norway to Canada" (2019-07-02, rt.com/news/463211-arctic-fox-intercontinental-journey/) [archive.is/aiVyF]
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* "Cockroach ‘superbugs’ evolve to resist pesticides in ONE GENERATION, study finds" (2019-07-03, rt.com/usa/463250-cockroaches-evolve-resistance-pesticides-study/) [archive.is/Id07n]
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* "Island created by deadly earthquake disappears into Indian Ocean" (2019-07-06, rt.com/news/463536-earthquake-island-disappears-ocean/) [archive.is/RBos3]
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* "Hailstones the size of tennis balls hit south-central France" (2019-07-07, rt.com/news/463598-france-thunder-storm-hail/) [archive.is/WXHiW]
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Professor James Ricalton & the Kashmir Giants, Delhi, India 1903
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